10 Most Significant Historical Events of Imperialism and Colonization in Egypt
#1 669 BC Assyrians from Mesopotamia
Conquer and rule Egypt
During 669 BC, Assyria was a Mesopotamian Empire that initially started in the city-state of Ashur. The Assyrian power incorporate their kingdom in Egypt but Egypt later declared Independence with the help Lydian. Assyrians abandoned Egypt and hands the ruins to the local ruler (Mark, 2010).
During 669 BC, Assyria was a Mesopotamian Empire that initially started in the city-state of Ashur. The Assyrian power incorporate their kingdom in Egypt but Egypt later declared Independence with the help Lydian. Assyrians abandoned Egypt and hands the ruins to the local ruler (Mark, 2010).
#2 322 BC- Alexander the Great conquers Egypt
In 322 BC, Alexander the Great also name Alexander III from Macedon conquered Egypt. He spent several months in Egypt to campaign against the Persian Empire of Darius III. He used Egypt as a diversion and more of a sojourn. His ultimate purpose was the coastal base would play a role in communicating across the Mediterranean. In addition, Alexander III found Egypt as a general strengthen country, so he left and appointed a combination of Egyptians, Macedonians and Persians to rule Egypt along traditional lines (Fletcher, J & Fildes, A, 2009).
In 322 BC, Alexander the Great also name Alexander III from Macedon conquered Egypt. He spent several months in Egypt to campaign against the Persian Empire of Darius III. He used Egypt as a diversion and more of a sojourn. His ultimate purpose was the coastal base would play a role in communicating across the Mediterranean. In addition, Alexander III found Egypt as a general strengthen country, so he left and appointed a combination of Egyptians, Macedonians and Persians to rule Egypt along traditional lines (Fletcher, J & Fildes, A, 2009).
#3 30 BC- Egypt comes under Roman Rule
In 32 BC, Octavian had the Senate and declares war against Cleopatra the ruler of Egypt. The Battle of Actium took place in Greece on September 2, 31 B.C and a combined military force of 50,000 sailors were defeated by Octavian’s navy. In 30 BC, the invasion of Egypt led by Octavian and navy command Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa takes over Egypt. As the Egyptians are outnumbered and the ruler Cleopatra and husband Antony commit suicide (Haughton, 2011).
In 32 BC, Octavian had the Senate and declares war against Cleopatra the ruler of Egypt. The Battle of Actium took place in Greece on September 2, 31 B.C and a combined military force of 50,000 sailors were defeated by Octavian’s navy. In 30 BC, the invasion of Egypt led by Octavian and navy command Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa takes over Egypt. As the Egyptians are outnumbered and the ruler Cleopatra and husband Antony commit suicide (Haughton, 2011).
#4 639 AD- Arab armies conquered Egypt
In 639 AD, the Arab armies that was led by Amr ibn El-As conquered Egypt by defeating the Byzantines. By 641 AD, all of Egypt was under the Arab rule. The Muslim conquers gave the native Copt Egyptians an option of paying a poll tax or converting to the Islam religion. Furthermore, in 706 AD the language Arab was made the official language of Egypt which made Copts learn Arabic if they wanted to take part in the government system at that time. This is the start of the majority population Islam religion and culture in Egypt (Arab Conquest).
In 639 AD, the Arab armies that was led by Amr ibn El-As conquered Egypt by defeating the Byzantines. By 641 AD, all of Egypt was under the Arab rule. The Muslim conquers gave the native Copt Egyptians an option of paying a poll tax or converting to the Islam religion. Furthermore, in 706 AD the language Arab was made the official language of Egypt which made Copts learn Arabic if they wanted to take part in the government system at that time. This is the start of the majority population Islam religion and culture in Egypt (Arab Conquest).
#5 Egypt absorbed into the Turkish Ottoman Empire from 1517-1798
In 1517, Egypt was conquered by the Ottoman Empire which was led by Sultan Selim I. The Ottoman Empire consisted of Muslims but were called the Turks and preservers of the Sunni Islam. During this time, Egypt’s people underwent transformation in institutional continuity, particularly in religion, education, and religious court systems (Historical Setting).
In 1517, Egypt was conquered by the Ottoman Empire which was led by Sultan Selim I. The Ottoman Empire consisted of Muslims but were called the Turks and preservers of the Sunni Islam. During this time, Egypt’s people underwent transformation in institutional continuity, particularly in religion, education, and religious court systems (Historical Setting).
#6 Britain Occupied Egypt in 1882-1914
According to Richmond, the British occupied Egypt in 1882. Britain had become interested in the Suez Canal because Egypt was heading into financial ruin and the canal would become a new route from Europe to the Far East. Britain’s ultimate goal was to invest in the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal was built by Egyptian slaves. Furthermore, it led to the Battle of Tel0el-Kebir. It resulted in the fled of the Egyptian army, as the British army led the fight at dawn and attacked them. In 1914, Egypt becomes a protectorate for Britain.
According to Richmond, the British occupied Egypt in 1882. Britain had become interested in the Suez Canal because Egypt was heading into financial ruin and the canal would become a new route from Europe to the Far East. Britain’s ultimate goal was to invest in the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal was built by Egyptian slaves. Furthermore, it led to the Battle of Tel0el-Kebir. It resulted in the fled of the Egyptian army, as the British army led the fight at dawn and attacked them. In 1914, Egypt becomes a protectorate for Britain.
#7 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936
Egyptian signed the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936. It gave Egyptians’ sovereignty that remained circumscribe and it established a 20-year military alliance that permitted Great Britain to enforce military law and restriction in Egypt (Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, 2013). However, in 1954, Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal to keep the revenue and it led to the Suez Crisis (Richmond).
Egyptian signed the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936. It gave Egyptians’ sovereignty that remained circumscribe and it established a 20-year military alliance that permitted Great Britain to enforce military law and restriction in Egypt (Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, 2013). However, in 1954, Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal to keep the revenue and it led to the Suez Crisis (Richmond).
#8 Egypt Revolution of 1952
According to “Egypt & Colonialism”, Egypt declared Independence until 1951. Egypt’s military leader Colonel Gamal Abdal Nasser led the Egyptian army and defeated the monarchy and King Farouk from Britain. Egypt took total control of their own country and the Suez Canal on July 23, 1952. Egypt become a republic and ended the British Occupation (2011).
According to “Egypt & Colonialism”, Egypt declared Independence until 1951. Egypt’s military leader Colonel Gamal Abdal Nasser led the Egyptian army and defeated the monarchy and King Farouk from Britain. Egypt took total control of their own country and the Suez Canal on July 23, 1952. Egypt become a republic and ended the British Occupation (2011).
#9 Arab Spring
According to “The Telegraph”, the Arab Spring started in February 2011 when Hosni Murbarak got ouster. President Hosni Mubarak resigns from his presidency and hands down the power to the army led by Field Marshal Hussein Tantawi. The after effect was that the army suspends the constitution and dissolves the parliament. The Egyptians then approve of a new constitution with the majority vote of 77% (2011).
According to “The Telegraph”, the Arab Spring started in February 2011 when Hosni Murbarak got ouster. President Hosni Mubarak resigns from his presidency and hands down the power to the army led by Field Marshal Hussein Tantawi. The after effect was that the army suspends the constitution and dissolves the parliament. The Egyptians then approve of a new constitution with the majority vote of 77% (2011).
#10 Muslim Brotherhood
On July 3, 2013, the fifth president of Egypt, Mohammed Morsi was ousted than arrested and detain. (Kirkpatrick, 2013). There was an estimated total of 100,000 protestors who stood outside Morsi is palace and the Muslim Brotherhood attack the protesters the next day (The Associated Press, 2013). The Brotherhood officials pledge to protest against the military force to release Morsi immediately. This is in current news and the Muslim Brotherhood are trying to take over the government with their elite group of revolutionaries.
On July 3, 2013, the fifth president of Egypt, Mohammed Morsi was ousted than arrested and detain. (Kirkpatrick, 2013). There was an estimated total of 100,000 protestors who stood outside Morsi is palace and the Muslim Brotherhood attack the protesters the next day (The Associated Press, 2013). The Brotherhood officials pledge to protest against the military force to release Morsi immediately. This is in current news and the Muslim Brotherhood are trying to take over the government with their elite group of revolutionaries.
Sources Cited
Anglo-Egyptian Treaty. (2013). In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/25031/Anglo-Egyptian-Treaty
Arab Conquest (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.youregypt.com/ehistory/history/islamic/arabconquest/
Egypt & Colonialism. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.thefireinsider.com/?p=423
Fletcher, J & Fildes, A. Egypt: Alexander the Great in Egypt. Retrieved from http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/alexanderthegreat.htm
Haughton, B. (2011). Cleopatra and Antony. Ancient Encyclopedia History. Retrieved from http://www.ancient.eu.com/Roman_Empire/
Historical Setting. (n.d.) http://countrystudies.us/egypt/4.htm
Kirkpartick, D. (2013). The New York Times: Brotherhood Says U.S. Diplomats Urged it to
accept Ouster of Morsi. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/08/world/middleeast/egypt.htm
Mark, J. (2009). Egypt. Ancient Encyclopedia History. Retrieved from http://www.ancient.eu.com/egypt/
Richmond, S. (n.d.). National Achieves. Retrieved from http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/battles/egypt/
The Associated Press (2013). ABCNews: The trial of Egypt’s Ousted President Morsi. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/qa-trial-egyptsousted-president-morsi-20522614
The Telegraph. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/9343198/Egypt timeline-of-the-Arab-Spring-since-Hosni-Mubaraks-ouster.html -
Anglo-Egyptian Treaty. (2013). In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/25031/Anglo-Egyptian-Treaty
Arab Conquest (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.youregypt.com/ehistory/history/islamic/arabconquest/
Egypt & Colonialism. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.thefireinsider.com/?p=423
Fletcher, J & Fildes, A. Egypt: Alexander the Great in Egypt. Retrieved from http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/alexanderthegreat.htm
Haughton, B. (2011). Cleopatra and Antony. Ancient Encyclopedia History. Retrieved from http://www.ancient.eu.com/Roman_Empire/
Historical Setting. (n.d.) http://countrystudies.us/egypt/4.htm
Kirkpartick, D. (2013). The New York Times: Brotherhood Says U.S. Diplomats Urged it to
accept Ouster of Morsi. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/08/world/middleeast/egypt.htm
Mark, J. (2009). Egypt. Ancient Encyclopedia History. Retrieved from http://www.ancient.eu.com/egypt/
Richmond, S. (n.d.). National Achieves. Retrieved from http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/battles/egypt/
The Associated Press (2013). ABCNews: The trial of Egypt’s Ousted President Morsi. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/qa-trial-egyptsousted-president-morsi-20522614
The Telegraph. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/9343198/Egypt timeline-of-the-Arab-Spring-since-Hosni-Mubaraks-ouster.html -